His psychological problems culminated in what would now be called a nervous breakdown in mid-1693, when, after five nights of sleeping ‘not a wink’, he temporarily lost all grip on reality and became convinced that his friends Locke and Pepys were conspiring against him. Yet he was also capable of great generosity and kindness, and there is no lack of tributes to his affability and hospitality, at least in his later years. The most famous example of this is his carefully-orchestrated campaign to destroy the reputation of Gottfried Leibniz, who he believed (quite unfairly) had stolen the discovery of calculus from him. Even in his maturity, having become rich, famous, laden with honours and internationally acclaimed as one of the world’s foremost thinkers, he remained deeply insecure, given to fits of depression and outbursts of violent temper, and implacable in pursuit of anyone by whom he felt threatened. These principles are the groundwork for all modern understanding of movement and physics.Especially in the earlier part of his life, Newton was a deeply introverted character and fiercely protective of his privacy. The third law states that to every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The second law states that the change of motion of an object is proportional to the force impressed and is made in the direction of the straight line in which the force is impressed. The first Newtonian law of motion is the principle of inertia, stating a body continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it. The law of universal gravitation states that every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. The Principia contains the law of universal gravitation and the three Newtonian laws of motion. It grew into Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica ( The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), which is the fundamental work for the whole of modern science. Newton collected his findings for Halley in a tract called De Motu (“On Motion”), which he then started to improve and expand. In 1684 British astronomer Edmond Halley visited Newton with questions about orbital dynamics. He proposed that planetary orbits are mostly elliptical because of the Sun’s gravitation. Isaac Newton's cradle © imaginima/Newton analyzed both planetary motion and universal gravitation. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.
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